References
1. Proia P, Amato A, Drid P, Korovljev D, Vasto S, Baldassano S. The impact of diet and physical activity on bone health in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:704647. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.704647.
2. Prentice A, Schoenmakers I, Laskey MA, De Bono S, Ginty F, Goldberg GR. Nutrition and bone growth and development. Proc Nutr Soc. 2006;65:348-360.
3. Redondo-Cuevas L, Sanchis-Chordà J, Codoñer-Franch P. Child nutrition and bone health. J Child Sci. 2018;8:e67-e74.
4. Wagner CL, Greer FR. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):1142-52.
5. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Calcium, nutrition, and bone health [Internet]. Rosemont (IL): AAOS; [cited 2026 Jan 2]. Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/calcium-nutrition-and-bone-health/
6. Stagi S, Cavalli L, Iurato C, Seminara S, Brandi ML, de Martino M. Bone metabolism in children and adolescents: determinants of peak bone mass. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2013;10(3):172-9.
7. Walker VP, Modlin RL. The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function. Pediatr Res. 2009;65(5 Pt 2):106R-13R.
8. Chevalley T, Rizzoli R. Acquisition of peak bone mass. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;36(2):101616.
9. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin D: health professional fact sheet [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NIH; 2025 [cited 2026 Jan 2]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/
10. American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org. Nutritional Supplements, Vitamins & Boosting Your Child’s Immunity. Updated 17 Apr 2026. Source
11. World Health Organization. Healthy diet. Updated 26 Jan 2026. Source
12. World Health Organization. Physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents. Source
13. Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Atopic Eczema. Putrajaya: Malaysian Health Technology Assessment Section (MaHTAS); 2018.
14. Huang CM, Lara-Corrales I, Pope E. Effects of Vitamin D levels and supplementation on atopic dermatitis: A systematic review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018;35(6):754-760. doi:10.1111/pde.13700.
15. Hidayati AN, Sawitri S, Sari DW, et al. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the severity of atopic dermatitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res. 2023;11:274. doi:10.12688/f1000research.106957.2.
16. David TJ, Wells FE, Sharpe TC, Gibbs ACC. Low serum zinc in children with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1984;111(5):597-601. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06630.x.
17. Molina EL, Patel JA. A to Z: Vitamin A and zinc, the miracle duo. Indian J Pediatr. 1996;63(4):427-431. doi:10.1007/bf02905712.
18. Evangelista MT, Abad-Casintahan F, Lopez-Villafuerte L. The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(1):100-108. doi:10.1111/ijd.12339.
19. Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis and awareness of comorbid conditions in pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2026;95(1):124.e1-124.e19. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2026.02.114.
20. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management (CG57). Updated September 2025. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg57
21. Davis DMR, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2026;95(1):121.e1-121.e26. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2026.02.113.